Nelson+Mandela




 * __Date of Birth and Place__**

Nelson Mandela was born in a royal family. He was born on **July 18, 1918**. His birth place was ** Umtata, South Africa **. ** __Early Life__ **

Mandela joined Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo in establishing the Youth League of the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944. For organizing the non-violent Defiance campaign of 1952 against the government policies, and for trying to throw of the government Mandela, and 156 politics ever accused. Were found not guilty in a five year trial. After an open fire demonstration, Mandela formed Umkhonto we Suzwe (Spear of Nation). He was then imprisonment for 5 years with hard labour. After that for sabotage and conspiracy to throw of the government he was arrested again this time it was life imprisonment. During his years in prison Mandela’s reputation grew and was accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa. He was the symbol for resistance and strength. He was released after 26 years, on February 11, 1990, and legalized ANC. **__Apartheid__** Apartheid laws were enforced in 1948. Some of the laws included that no longer mixed marriages were aloud. Whites and blacks could not get married with one another. The higher class jobs were listed as “whites only.” In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans will be racially classified in three categories. Whites, blacks, and coloured. Coloured (coloured were people from mixed descents). The 3 groups were all split in the country living where they were ordered to by the government. The whites of course got the best possible living areas and everything in great conditions. While the blacks and coloured were sent off to live in the lower class areas of South Africa, with horrible living conditions. Nelson Mandela was protesting against Apartheid and that all races should live together, with each other as one. Mandela was found guilty of protesting against South African government and this is why he was arrested for nearly 3 decades.
 * __Struggles__ **


 * __Accomplishments__**

After his release with South African President F.W de Klerk he was awarded the Noble Peace Prize of 1993. Mandela was elected president of the ANC in 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been band in 1960. He was also elected president of South Africa in 1994. He helped improve new constitutions, changed politics, economic, and education. He changed politics, so now all races participate.
 * __Retirement__**

Mandela resigned his post as president of the ANC in December 1997. He also turned over his national presidency to his chosen successor Thabo Mbeki.

Apartheid and the people of Africa || Black || White || Population Land Allocation Share of Nation Income Ratio of average earnings Minimum taxable income Doctors/population Infant mortality rate

Annual expenditure on education per pupil Teacher/pupil ratio || 19 million 13 percent <20 percent 1 360 rands 1/44,000 20% (urban) 40% (rural) $45

1/60 || 4.5 million 87 percent 75 percent 14 750 rands 1/400 2.7 %

$696

1/22 ||

** Bibliography ** Online Data Bases: ** Virginia Curtin Knight. **__Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla__**. 2010. 11 January 2010. [] ** __Les Prix Nobel__ **. 1993. Nobel Foundation. 13 January 2010. [] Meghan Appel O'Meara. __**History Behind the Headlines**__. 2008. Discovering Collection. Gale. 8 January 2010. . **Born:**July Laaren, Brown & Hort, Lenny**. __Nelson Mandela__**. London, New York: DK Publishing, 17 July 2006. ** __Nelson, Mandela__ **. Palm Pictures. 13 January 2010 []